Abstract

Introducción

Severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) accounts for more than 25% of severe asthma cases. One of the main causes that hinder the quality of life of these patients are exacerbations that require medical assistance. Biologic therapies in the treatment of SEA have meant a significant improvement in the annual rate of exacerbations for these patients.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the annual rate of exacerbations in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma treated with mepolizumab, benralizumab and omalizumab.

Methods

Retrospective observational cohort study that included patients with severe uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma from a tertiary hospital receiving treatment with biological therapies.

The patient with absence or 50% reduction in exacerbations after one year of treatment with the biologic was considered a responder.

Results

A total of 186 patients were included: 72 treated with omalizumab with a mean age of 51±16 years, 66 with mepolizumab and a mean age of 56±13 years, and 48 with benralizumab and whose mean age was 59±15 years.

Prior to treatment, 64% (45/70) of patients on omalizumab, 70% (46/66) on mepolizumab, and 40% (19/47) on benralizumab had exacerbations. After treatment, the response rate was 88% (63/72) for omalizumab, 91% (60/66) for mepolizumab, and 94% (45/48) for benralizumab.

Conclusions

The results of this study in real life confirm the clinical benefit obtained in the annual rate of exacerbations, achieved after the establishment of a biological treatment.