Abstract

Introduction: Pulmonary involvement in form of interstitial lung disease (ILD) occurs frequently in patients with connective tissue diseases (CTD). Hence, a high index of suspicion for respiratory disease among patients with CTDs is necessary if intervention is to impact the high morbidity and reduce premature death.

Aims and Objectives: To study the symptoms, signs and radiological pattern of pulmonary diseases related to CTD.

Material and Methods: Prospective, observational study. Diagnosed cases of CTD's presenting to pulmonary department with respiratory symptoms and cases of ILD who were found to have CTD during evaluation were recruited in the study. Clinical profile was noted and high resolution computed tomography of chest, spirometry and 2D-echocardiography were performed. 

Results: A total of 100 patients were recruited. 78% patients were female and majority belonged to age group 41-50 years. 90% cases presented with chest symptoms and were found to have some form of CTD. Chief respiratory complaints were cough and dyspnea while joint pain was the commonest rheumatological symptom. Clubbing was present in 29% cases. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was the most common CTD followed by systemic sclerosis. Restrictive ventilatory defect was present in 58% cases on spirometry. Pulmonary hypertension was present in 40% patients and was most commonly seen in patients with MCTD. Chest X ray was normal in 47% cases. NSIP pattern was the most common pattern on HRCT found in 42% patients while UIP pattern was predominant pattern in patients with RA.

Conclusion: CTD should be suspected in all patients with symptoms and signs of ILD particularly in middle aged female patients.