Source: Annual Congress 2010 - Acute respiratory failure

Abstract

Gastric acid aspiration leads to aspiration pneumonitis, a form of Acute Lung Injury (ALI). Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are a new type of drug delivery system offering improved performance in terms of drug loading and long-term stability. In preliminary studies we found that NLC may also have biologic effects.
To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of NLC in the acid aspiration model, we exposed C57Bl6 mice to intratracheal HCL or saline with or without intravenous NLC (120μL) (total 34 mice).
Mice were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine and 50μL of HCl or NS were injected intratracheally. 24 hrs later mice were connected to a Flexivent rodent ventilator (Sqirec, Ontario, Canada) to measure lung tissue elastance and airway resistance and then sacrificed by exsanguination. Broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) was performed by injecting and withdrawing 0.5 mL PBS three times. The left lung was placed in formalin and the right lung was snap-frozen in liquid N₂. NLC consisting of lipids (triglycerides, phosphatidylcholin, and ceramide) and Solutol, were prepared using the double emulsion technique. Lipids were diluted in dichloromethane / methanol/H₂O and sonicated to a triple emulsion (water/oil/water). NLC have a diameter of 20-200nm and a lipophilic core.
Results: HCL exposure led to ALI evidenced by significantly increased lung elastance, BAL protein, BAL cell count and histological injury score. However, pre-treatment with NLC preserved lung function and significantly decreased protein and cells count in BAL in addition to histological score (ONE WAY ANOVA).
Conclusion: NLC administration resulted in attenuation of ALI by acid aspiration in mice, possibly by exerting anti-inflammatory effects.

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A. Sfika, E. Mourelatou, M. Kardara, A. Kotanidou, N. Maniatis, C. Roussos, A. Armaganidis, S. Hatziantoniou, S. Orfanos (Athens, Greece). Nanostructured lipid carriers prevent acute lung injury by acid aspiration. Eur Respir J 2010; 36: Suppl. 54, 2289

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