Noninvasive respiratory assistance for acute respiratory failure outside the intensive care unit: a bargain or a burden?

Symposium
Chairs: A. Simonds (London, United Kingdom), T. Troosters (Leuven, Belgium)
Aims: To describe the advantages and disadvantages of noninvasive respiratory assistance, noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and/or high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), to patients with acute respiratory failure outside the intensive care unit.

How to stratify the risk of failure of noninvasive respiratory assistance B. Ergan (Izmir, Turkey)
Indications and pitfalls of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) outside the intensive care unit M. Elliott (Leeds (West Yorkshire), United Kingdom)
Remote monitoring devices: one more point for noninvasive assistance in the wards M. Duiverman (Groningen, Netherlands)
Noninvasive respiratory assistance in respiratory high dependency units: a bargain for high risk patients? L. Pisani (Bologna (BO), Italy)