Difficult-to-Treat Asthma
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 Tremendous progress has been made in the treatment of patients with asthma during the past decades. Whereas 30 years ago patients suffering with acute asthma attacks were admitted to the emergency department several times a day, today this has been reduced to a couple of patients a year. Treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in the first instance, followed by the use of combination therapy with ICS and long-acting β-agonists later on has greatly improved the long-term prognosis of asthma patients. Nevertheless, there are a number of patients that are not well controlled even with a high-dose combination therapy. Near fatal asthma attacks still occur and asthma mortality, although low, is still present. Difficult-to-treat asthma has been recognised as the severe form of the “other” asthma entities in the past. However, the understanding of the pathophysiology of this kind of asthma has been better understood during the last few years. |
| Difficult-to-Treat Asthma (Issue 51) | |
| Guest Editors
Eur Respir Mon 2011; 51: v |  |  | | | | | | | | | | | Preface
Eur Respir Mon 2011; 51: vi | | | | | | | | | | | | | Introduction
Chung K.F., Bel E.H., Wenzel S.E.
Eur Respir Mon 2011; 51: vii-ix | | | | | | | | | | | | | Difficult-to-treat asthma: how serious is the problem and what are the issues?
Busse W.W.
Eur Respir Mon 2011; 51: 1-15 | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Evaluation of the difficult-to-treat severe asthma patient in the clinic
Sumino K., Djukanovic R., Castro M.
Eur Respir Mon 2011; 51: 16-27 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Treatment adherence and psychosocial factors in severe asthma
Foster J.M., Lavoie K.L., Boulet L-P.
Eur Respir Mon 2011; 51: 28-49 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Characteristics, definition and phenotypes of severe asthma
Wenzel S.E.
Eur Respir Mon 2011; 51: 50-58 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Special problems of severe asthma in childhood
Bush A., Frey U., Teague W.G.
Eur Respir Mon 2011; 51: 59-81 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Recent developments in the genetics of asthma susceptibility and severity
Slager R.E., Li X., Meyers D.A., Bleecker E.R.
Eur Respir Mon 2011; 51: 82-96 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pathology, inflammation and cytokines of severe asthma
Mauad T., Poon A.H., Hamid Q.
Eur Respir Mon 2011; 51: 97-106 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Allergic and nonallergic factors in severe asthma
Gaga M., Zervas E., Gibson P.G.
Eur Respir Mon 2011; 51: 107-119 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Asthma exacerbations in relation to severe asthma
Wenzel S.E.
Eur Respir Mon 2011; 51: 120-129 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fatal and near-fatal asthma
Mauad T., Ferreira D.S.
Eur Respir Mon 2011; 51: 130-146 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fixed airway obstruction in severe asthma
Bel E.H., ten Brinke A., Sorkness R.L.
Eur Respir Mon 2011; 51: 147-159 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Imaging in severe asthma
Gupta S., Raj V., Castro M., Brightling C.E.
Eur Respir Mon 2011; 51: 160-181 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Airway physiology and pathophysiology in severe asthma
Horvath I., Sorkness R.L., Sterk P.J.
Eur Respir Mon 2011; 51: 182-188 | | | | | | | | | | | | | The upper airways in severe asthma
Bachert C., Zhang N.
Eur Respir Mon 2011; 51: 189-199 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Epithelial-mesenchymal communication in the pathogenesis of severe asthma
Holgate S.T.
Eur Respir Mon 2011; 51: 200-207 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Noninvasive assessment of inflammation in severe asthma
Gibson P.G., Wang F., He X.Y., Brightling C.E.
Eur Respir Mon 2011; 51: 208-217 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Lipid mediators in severe asthma
Kupczyk M., Lundström S., Dahlén B., Balgoma D., Wheelock C.E., Dahlén S-E.
Eur Respir Mon 2011; 51: 218-235 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Corticosteroids: use and insensitivity in severe asthma
Chung K.F., Gibeon D., Durham A., Marwick J., Bhavsar P., Adcock I.
Eur Respir Mon 2011; 51: 236-252 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Bronchodilator therapies for severe asthma
Bateman E.D., Boulet L-P.
Eur Respir Mon 2011; 51: 253-267 | | | | | | | | | | | | | New treatments for severe asthma
Chung K.F., Chanez P.
Eur Respir Mon 2011; 51: 268-281 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Management of difficult-to-treat severe asthma
Menzies-Gow A., Gibeon D., Hui C., Zhang Q., Macedo P., Chung K.F.
Eur Respir Mon 2011; 51: 282-296 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Severe asthma: the way forward
Chung K.F., Bel E.H., Wenzel S.E.
Eur Respir Mon 2011; 51: 297-308 | | | | | | | | | | | |
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